Artificial Intelligence-enabled Virtual Reality Simulation was developed to improve clinical performance in assessing, managing, and reporting of clinical deterioration.


AI-enabled VRS was developed to enhance nurses':

  1. clinical reasoning abilities in assessing and managing deteriorating patient
  2. communication skills in reporting to doctors about patient’s condition

With the evolution of AI, an AI medical team player was built into virtual reality simulation for nursing students to engage in interprofessional team training. The findings from a pilot test led the research team to improve the expressiveness of the AI agent and engaged in more dialogue training with learners-agent conversations.1A randomized controlled study testified that AI medical team player was not inferior to human-controlled virtual reality simulations on sepsis care and interprofessional communication performance. The study suggested blending them along with face-to-face simulation to optimize students’ performance.2

  1. Liaw SY, Tan JZ, Lim S, Zhou W, Yap J, Ratan R, Ooi SL, Wong SJ, Seah B, Chua WL. Artificial intelligence in virtual reality simulation for interprofessional communication training: Mixed method study. Nurse Educ Today. 2023 Mar;122:105718. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105718. Epub 2023 Jan 14. PMID: 36669304.

  2. Liaw SY, Tan JZ, Bin Rusli KD, Ratan R, Zhou W, Lim S, Lau TC, Seah B, Chua WL. Artificial Intelligence Versus Human-Controlled Doctor in Virtual Reality Simulation for Sepsis Team Training: Randomized Controlled Study. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Jul 26;25:e47748. doi: 10.2196/47748. PMID: 37494112; PMCID: PMC10413090.

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