Simulation-based Evaluation Tool

A simulation-based evaluation tool (RAPIDS-Tool) was developed to evaluate nurses’ simulation performances in assessing, managing and reporting of clinical deterioration in patients.^7,8

1. ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Expose/Examine) to evaluate the performance in assessing and managing patient deterioration;

2. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation) domain to assess communication skills when reporting patient deterioration. The psychometrics properties of the RAPIDS-tool were established by determining the content and construct validity, and inter-rater reliability.

Clinical Reasoning Evaluation Simulation Tool (CREST) was developed to measure clinical reasoning skills in recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in a simulated environment.⁹

The tool consists of the following subscales:

1. Considering the patient situation

2. Collecting cues

3. Processing information

4. Identifying problems

5. Establishing goals

6. Taking action

7. Evaluating outcomes

8. Reflecting on the process and new learning

Please read the following articles for more detailed description of the RAPIDS-Tool and CREST, and their psychometric properties.

1. Liaw SY, Scherpbier A, Klainin-Yobas P, Rethans JJ. Rescuing A Patient In Deteriorating Situations (RAPIDS): an evaluation tool for assessing simulation performance on clinical deterioration. Resuscitation. 2011; 82(11):1434-9. [Medline: 21794972]




2. Liaw SY, Scherpbier A, Rethans JJ, Klainin-Yobas P. Assessment for simulation learning outcomes: a comparison of knowledge and self-reported confidence with observed clinical performance. Nurse Education Today. 2012; 32(6):e35-9. [Medline: 22064013]




3. Liaw SY, Rashasegaran A, Wong LF, Deneen CC, Cooper S, Levett-Jones T, Goh HS, Ignacio J: Development and psychometric testing of a Clinical Reasoning Evaluation Simulation Tool (CREST) for assessing nursing students' abilities to recognize and respond to clinical deterioration. Nurse Education Today. 2018;62:74-9. [Medline: 29306102]