The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Comprised of diverse cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules, the TME drives processes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enhances cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. This review emphasises the need to therapeutically target TME components to disrupt its role in EMT and resistance mechanisms. By modulating the TME, emerging strategies aim to overcome therapeutic challenges and improve cancer treatment efficacy. Led by Dr Alan Prem Kumar, member of N2CR, this article also explores current interventions and their limitations, offering a framework for developing innovative approaches to address cancer progression and resistance clinically.

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