{"id":210,"date":"2021-11-06T12:02:10","date_gmt":"2021-11-06T04:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qat-medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/?page_id=210"},"modified":"2026-05-04T12:48:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T04:48:23","slug":"pathogen-evolution-transmission","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/research-areas\/pathogen-evolution-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"Pathogen Evolution &amp; Transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"210\" class=\"elementor elementor-210\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fade4b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fade4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bf4f3b\" data-id=\"2bf4f3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e70a0d elementor--h-position-center elementor--v-position-middle elementor-pagination-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"5e70a0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;dots&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:6000,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;transition_speed&quot;:1000,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slides\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-74e6a2a swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"ResearchAreas-Banner\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">Pathogen Evolution & Transmission<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa554bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa554bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6f4939\" data-id=\"f6f4939\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd4b7a elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"dfd4b7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb1214d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb1214d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25438f3\" data-id=\"25438f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-263185f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"263185f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"527\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/01\/ResearchAreas-Pathogen.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3434\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c6363e elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0c6363e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7938f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7938f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pathogen Evolution &amp; Transmission<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6547156 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6547156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPathogen evolution &#038; transmission: To identify key factors and mechanisms that drive pathogen evolution and transmission at the genetic and molecular level. Includes phylogenetic studies and population genetics.\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09b6dc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09b6dc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Team<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3abc1a4 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid\" data-id=\"3abc1a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;template_id&quot;:&quot;7942&quot;,&quot;columns&quot;:1,&quot;row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_skin&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;edit_handle_selector&quot;:&quot;[data-elementor-type=\\&quot;loop-item\\&quot;]&quot;,&quot;row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"loop-grid.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-7942\">.elementor-7942 .elementor-element.elementor-element-355e21e{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:10px 10px;--row-gap:10px;--column-gap:10px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-7942 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f8ee927 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:\"Poppins\", Sans-serif;font-weight:normal;color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-7942 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f8ee927 .elementor-heading-title a:hover, .elementor-7942 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f8ee927 .elementor-heading-title a:focus{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-7942 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f8ee927 .elementor-heading-title a{transition-duration:0.3s;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7855 post-7855 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/discovery.nus.edu.sg\/5460-wei-min-catherine-ong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Catherine ONG<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7865 post-7865 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/mbio\/about-us\/our-people\/academic-staff\/cheryl-lee.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Cheryl LEE<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7848 post-7848 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-bacterial-amr our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/bch\/faculty\/gan-yunn-hwen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">GAN Yunn Hwen<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7858 post-7858 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-pandemic-science our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/mbio\/about-us\/our-people\/academic-staff\/justin-chu.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Justin Jang Hann CHU<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7849 post-7849 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cider\/people\/prof-paul-anantharajah-tambyah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Paul A. TAMBYAH<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7866 post-7866 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/bch\/faculty\/qu-kun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">QU Kun<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7854 post-7854 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/discovery.nus.edu.sg\/550-seng-gee-lim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Seng Gee LIM<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7847 post-7847 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-pandemic-science our-people-category-primary-members our-people-category-vaccines-therapeutics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/mbio\/about-us\/our-people\/academic-staff\/sylvie-alonso.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Sylvie ALONSO<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7863 post-7863 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-pandemic-science our-people-category-primary-members\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/mbio\/about-us\/our-people\/academic-staff\/tan-yee-joo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">TAN Yee Joo<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7862 post-7862 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-pandemic-science our-people-category-primary-members\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/phys\/research\/research-programs\/integrative-physiology-programme\/thai-tran\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Thai TRAN<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7864 post-7864 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/mbio\/about-us\/our-people\/academic-staff\/vincent-chow.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Vincent CHOW<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"7942\" class=\"elementor elementor-7942 e-loop-item e-loop-item-7850 post-7850 our-people type-our-people status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry our-people-category-microbial-pathogenesis our-people-category-primary-members\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355e21e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"355e21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ee927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ee927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/discovery.nus.edu.sg\/625-de-yun-wang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">WANG De Yun<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ffab72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ffab72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db0c3fe\" data-id=\"db0c3fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b95fc6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b95fc6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Other Research Areas<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3ea37a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3ea37a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c19de71\" data-id=\"c19de71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e8643c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8e8643c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/research-areas\/host-microbe-interactions\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/01\/ResearchAreas-Host-Microbe.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3438\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c1c0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38c1c0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/research-areas\/host-microbe-interactions\/\">Host-Microbe Interactions<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2a0c6a\" data-id=\"e2a0c6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-464abd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"464abd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/research-areas\/vaccine-therapeutics\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/01\/ResearchAreas-Vaccine.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3439\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41298bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41298bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/trp\/infectious-diseases\/research-areas\/vaccine-therapeutics\/\">Vaccine &amp; Therapeutics<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pathogen Evolution &#038; Transmission Pathogen Evolution &amp; Transmission Pathogen evolution &#038; transmission: To identify key factors and mechanisms that drive pathogen evolution and transmission at the genetic and molecular level. Includes phylogenetic studies and population genetics.\u200b Research Team Other Research Areas Host-Microbe Interactions Vaccine &amp; Therapeutics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":0,"parent":207,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-210","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pathogen Evolution &amp; Transmission - Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme<\/title>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pathogen Evolution &amp; Transmission - Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pathogen Evolution &#038; Transmission Pathogen Evolution &amp; Transmission Pathogen evolution &#038; transmission: To identify key factors and mechanisms that drive pathogen evolution and transmission at the genetic and molecular level. 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