{"id":70707,"date":"2021-07-12T10:06:05","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T02:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/?post_type=issues&#038;p=70707"},"modified":"2021-10-05T08:37:53","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T00:37:53","slug":"the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters","status":"publish","type":"issues","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/","title":{"rendered":"The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Submitted: <span lang=\"EN-GB\">30 August <\/span> 2020<br \/>\r\nAccepted: 12 November 2020<br \/>\r\nPublished online: 13<span lang=\"EN-GB\"> July, TAPS 2021, <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">6(3), 83-86<\/span><br \/>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29060\/TAPS.2021-6-3\/SC2390\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29060\/TAPS.2021-6-3\/SC2390<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Rahman Habeebul<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Department of Psychiatry, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Abstract<\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Introduction:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Archetypes in psychology are complete models of behaviours, thoughts and feelings, representative of universal experiences. From Plato\u2019s description of Forms to Jung\u2019s analytical introduction to archetypes in psychology, to common use of Moore\u2019s masculine archetypes in popular culture, we use such \u201ccomplete representations\u201d to enable change.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Methods:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In examining psychologically driven responses to the recent and ongoing pandemic crisis, the use of a graphic representation of interacting archetypes is proposed\u2014the <i>\u2018archetypogram\u2019<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Results:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Drawing on concepts from psychodynamic therapy practise, including Transactional Analysis and Jungian theory, four main archetypes are proposed for their interdependence\u2014the <i>prisoner<\/i>, the <i>soldier<\/i>, the <i>sage<\/i> and the <i>jester\/trickster<\/i>, and a model describing their interactions is presented with the intention of enabling helpful behaviours in response to crisis. The model further proposes positive and negative positions within each archetype, labelled as \u2018creating\u2019 and \u2018consuming\u2019 behaviours respectively. The \u2018archetypogram\u2019 thus is a visual representation of three main components &#8211; the four archetypes, creating vs consuming behaviours, and movement between the various positions. Use of the \u2018archetypogram\u2019 is aimed at enabling individuals in crisis to move from consuming to creating behaviours.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Conclusion:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The \u2018archetypogram\u2019 is a model of change which may be applied to persons distressed in crisis, and is able to move behaviours towards positive and creating self-states.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Keywords<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Archetypes, Psychology, Crisis, Distress<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">I. INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">This was a crisis borne on the wings of travellers, leaving in its wake the term \u2018a new norm\u2019. In reflecting on observed and experienced emotional responses to the crisis, a structure emerged that identified three main themes\u20141) feelings of helplessness 2) seemingly never-ending activity and 3) a wish to be able to rise above billowing waves of information and misinformation.\u00a0 Hence the archetypes of <i>a prisoner, a soldier <\/i>and<i> a sage<\/i> seemed appropriate.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">It was expected that psychological reactions of anxiety, worry, grief and helplessness would run their course in this new crisis, but behavioural responses were unpredictable, from hoarding of toilet roll to disregard of rules and breaking of lockdown laws, to apathy. Why was there a difference between a leader of a nation (Luce, 2020) and a 9-year-old girl (Harris, 2020); one denying the problem at its outset, and the other, deciding to sew personal protective equipment (PPE) gowns to help her local doctors? What enables one person to do what needs to be done in crisis, and yet paralyses another into inaction? Many concepts have been put forth, with names such as grit, resilience, and growth mindset, but are there quick descriptors we can apply, that can help us move out of unhelpful states into more effective, useful ways of being?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">II. OBSERVATIONAL PERSPECTIVE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">We gravitate towards archetypes\u2014\u201cwhole\u201d descriptions of images that we identify with externally, and which we identify within ourselves internally. Jung\u2019s description of archetypes has enabled a scaffold on which we can build our understanding of basic human reactions and behaviours in a Gestalt manner. In archetypes we unite both unconscious and conscious domains of being, and place intention second to observation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The first evident experiences observed in the thick of the outbreak were feelings of being stuck, or being held hostage by the situation with feelings of helplessness that imprison the person. The <i>prisoner<\/i> was both angry and sad, and endured a mind filled with comparisons e.g. \u201cWere there other prisoners being better treated? Was the suffering equal? Would someone else gain whilst we were denied of something possibly essential to our well-being, such as PPE?\u201d Locus of control was felt externally (Rotter, 1954).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Amongst those who would put action to thought, a different set of behaviours was noted. There was a sense of constant effort, of having to negotiate endless tasks for a small \u2018win\u2019. Life was a blur of activity with anticipation of further problems, and resentment (signalling a slip back into prisoner state), but most times the effort of <i>doing<\/i> kept away negative emotions. This seemed to be the role of a tireless <i>soldier<\/i>, who would get wounded through unpreparedness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">There was yet a third group, who seemed untouched by the outbreak. They would go about their usual activities, or turn to alternatives effortlessly. This group I called the <i>sage<\/i>, and hypothesised that few of us would achieve the transcendental nature they exuded, in keeping with Maslow\u2019s topmost hierarchy of being values (Maslow, 1998).<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">However, referencing Transactional Analysis (Berne, 1961) where the ego-states of Parent, Adult and Child were further divided into negative and positive functional states depending on how stable they were, a further split within the three archetypes could be seen, with negative positions and positive positions. Hence, for the prisoner archetype, whilst inactivity was observed as a behaviour, the prisoner in a positive position was able to plan, or conserve parts of themselves for further action, to either rise as a soldier or guide as a sage. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The positive position of soldier archetype was decisive, enabling energy to effect change without burning themselves out, and able to make difficult decisions. Behaviour was internally motivated and pragmatically guided by agency.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">For the sage archetype, the positive position enabled them to nurture those around, lending stability to the system while being transcendental- as encompassed in the description by Maslow who placed this at the apex of the hierarchy of needs. Such a person is \u2018care-ing\u2019, not just caring of those around him or her, but also actively engaged in \u2018care\u2019 which is a constant state of being present.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">III. INTERVENTIONAL PERSPECTIVE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Pathological emotions, thoughts and behaviours were proposed to arise from a primary prisoner state. Subsequently, as responses to helplessness and anger, three main behaviours were noted. 1) Continued inactivity (staying in the helpless prisoner state). 2) Busyness in \u2018doing\u2019, but where excessive activity was used to deflect uncomfortable feelings of helplessness <i>(escape into soldiering)<\/i> or 3) Non-responsiveness, where the uncomfortable feelings are avoided altogether <i>(escape into sageing)<\/i>. These corresponded to efforts to defeat the source of conflict, but being ineffective, resulted in inaction (self-defeat), ineffective activity (other-defeat) or avoidance (reality-defeat).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/SC2390-Figure-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-70708\" width=\"640\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/SC2390-Figure-1.png 882w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/SC2390-Figure-1-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/SC2390-Figure-1-768x549.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Figure 1.\u00a0 The Crisis Archetypogram<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">If we were to look to the negative positions, we see the behaviours as <i>\u2018consuming\u2019<\/i>, where either time, effort or emotional energy are consumed with poor outcomes, or no change in adapting to crisis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">If we were to look to the positive positions, we see the behaviours as <i>\u2018creating\u2019<\/i> &#8211; ideas are born, work is done to engage parts of the system, there is nurturing of others and effort is concise, allowing adaptation and solving of problems.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In looking at \u2018creating\u2019 from the positive position, a further archetype emerges\u2014that of the jester. This was the archetype who was flexible and not imprisoned, not always embattled nor always aloof and calm. This archetype would defuse tense situations with humour as a mature defence mechanism. The utility of the jester lies in the ability to bind people (and oneself) to a common cause; in the absence of hugs, laughter does a fair job of oxytocin production, and of fostering attachment. Pulled into negativity however, the jester\u2019s negative position manifests as a trickster who would undermine with cunning the work done by the planning prisoner, the decisive soldier and the nurturing sage. The trickster at work was observed in the form of self-sabotage, or by disrupting efforts of the group with jokes belittling the efforts of others.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00a0A. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Completing the Circle \u2013 The \u2018Archetypogram\u2019<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The \u2018Archetypogram\u2019 in Figure 1 seeks to visually represent the interconnectedness of the various archetypes, in positive (creating) and negative (consuming) positions. How may we use such a crisis archetypogram to help ourselves and those around us?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The first step would be to identify where we are in the archetypogram\u2014remembering that the position we are holding is temporary and a <i><u>state<\/u><\/i> (a current and temporary manner of being or interacting in domains of thoughts, feelings and behaviour), not a <i><u>trait<\/u><\/i> (longer term more durable repeated patterns of interactions). <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The second regular step is to move to<i> creating<\/i> rather than<i> consuming<\/i>, and meeting the needs of the future instead of being mired in the past. In times of crisis, resources are limited. By moving to a<i> creating<\/i> state (which is often creative), we make better use of resources available, or contribute more if we agree to change. In a <i>consuming<b> <\/b><\/i>state, time is a price to pay for opportunity lost when not moving forward, even if no other resources are used (anxiety paralysis).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">B. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Limitations in Change<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Having applied the archetypogram in change management, limitations in effectiveness have been observed in situations where either there was a clinical disorder giving rise to anxiety and depression, or if there was resistance to the idea of change being possible within the archetypogram (similar to being in the pre-contemplative state of change). It is hoped that with development of the archetypogram, limited therapy sessions may be used to address clinical disorders.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">IV. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">CONCLUSION<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Whilst it is ideal that we move in the general direction of actualization we need to be mindful of limitations in resources; flexibility in approach is paramount, as is being kind to ourselves no matter the approach we adopt. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In a crisis, the \u2018work to do\u2019 therefore is to: <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">1. Identify the state we are in \u2013 Prisoner\/ Soldier\/ Sage\/ Jester-Trickster.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-align: justify\">2. Identify the outcome of our behaviours &#8211; creating or consuming.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-align: justify\">3. Identify how we can move ourselves from a consuming to a creating position, first by moving within our archetype (e.g. from angry\/ helpless prisoner, to a conserving\/ planning prisoner), then up archetypes (eg on to a decisive soldier, and eventually to a nurturing and care-ing sage). The movement can be internal via self-awareness (a practiced skill incorporating conservation of energy by mindfulness\/ relaxation exercises and problem solving) or external via a coach, counsellor or therapist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-align: justify\">4. Be aware of the tendency to move upwards within the consuming rank states where avoidance and burnout from the sage and soldier states respectively can reinforce a primary angry \/ helpless prisoner\u2019s distressed negative position.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-align: justify\">5. Be mindful that the distressed position is often at the base of what one feels and thinks as \u2018problems\u2019. Emotional responses of grief, anxiety and anger arise from helplessness or loss, and these responses can be true of individuals as well as groups, but still amenable to working through with the aid of the archetypogram.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In conclusion, while the use of archetypes in verbal tradition is established, the visual archetypogram proposes an exciting model to move behaviours in crisis towards positive and creating self-states, in fields ranging from coaching, to counselling, to psychotherapy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Note on Contributor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Dr Habeebul Rahman is solely responsible for all observations and ideas contained within this manuscript.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Ethical Approval<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Ethics review (including informed consent) was not sought for this manuscript owing to the hypothetico-deductive nature of the paper.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Acknowledgement<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The writer wishes to acknowledge TTSH Department of Psychiatry, Organisational Development and Operations for their contribution to the development of this work.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Funding<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">No funding was sought or obtained for this paper.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Declaration of Interest<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">No conflicts of interest.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">References<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Berne, E. (1961). <i>Transactional analysis in psychotherapy: A systematic individual and social psychiatry<\/i>. Grove Press.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Harris, E. (2020, May 11). For Malaysian schoolgirl, homework is sewing PPE gowns to help beat coronavirus. <i>Reuters <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-malaysia-protectiv-idUSKBN22N037\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-malaysia-protectiv-idUSKBN22N037<\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Luce, E. (2020, May 17). Inside Trump\u2019s coronavirus meltdown. <i>The Straits Times. <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/world\/united-states\/inside-trumps-coronavirus-meltdown\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/world\/united-states\/inside-trumps-coronavirus-meltdown<\/span><\/a><\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Maslow, A. H. (1998). <i>Toward a psychology of being<\/i>. Wiley.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Rotter, J. B. (1954). <i>Social learning and clinical psychology<\/i>. Prentice-Hall.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>*<span lang=\"EN-GB\">Rahman<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Habeebul<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\">Tan Tock Seng Hospital,<\/span><br \/>\r\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\">11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng,<br \/>\r\nSingapore 308433<br \/>\r\nEmail: habeebul_rahman@ttsh.com.sg<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":11,"template":"","issues_category":[17],"archive_category":[],"issue_type":[25],"volume_category":[61867],"class_list":["post-70707","issues","type-issues","status-publish","hentry","issues_category-short-communications","issue_type-past-issue","volume_category-volume-6-number-3-july-2021"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters - The Asia Pacific Scholar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters - The Asia Pacific Scholar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Submitted: 30 August 2020 Accepted: 12 November 2020 Published online: 13 July, TAPS 2021, 6(3), 83-86 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29060\/TAPS.2021-6-3\/SC2390 Rahman Habeebul Department of Psychiatry, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Abstract Introduction: Archetypes in psychology are complete models of behaviours, thoughts and feelings, representative of universal experiences. From Plato\u2019s description of Forms to Jung\u2019s analytical introduction to archetypes [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Asia Pacific Scholar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-05T00:37:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/SC2390-Figure-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/\",\"name\":\"The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters - The Asia Pacific Scholar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-12T02:06:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-05T00:37:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/\",\"name\":\"The Asia Pacific Scholar\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters - The Asia Pacific Scholar","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/taps\/issues\/the-crisis-archetypogram-of-prisoners-soldiers-sages-and-jesters\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The crisis \u201cArchetypogram\u201d \u2013 of prisoners, soldiers, sages and jesters - The Asia Pacific Scholar","og_description":"Submitted: 30 August 2020 Accepted: 12 November 2020 Published online: 13 July, TAPS 2021, 6(3), 83-86 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29060\/TAPS.2021-6-3\/SC2390 Rahman Habeebul Department of Psychiatry, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Abstract Introduction: Archetypes in psychology are complete models of behaviours, thoughts and feelings, representative of universal experiences. 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