{"id":5818,"date":"2017-06-08T13:02:33","date_gmt":"2017-06-08T05:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/?page_id=5818"},"modified":"2023-04-03T13:44:08","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T05:44:08","slug":"iii-lower-urinary-tract-and-male-genital-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/iii-lower-urinary-tract-and-male-genital-system\/","title":{"rendered":"III. Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<p>Now that we have separated the urogenital tract into its THREE main parts, let&#8217;s focus on the <strong>Lower urinary tract <\/strong>and <strong>Male genital system<\/strong> before tackling the Kidney in the next section.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract (LUT)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ureters, bladder, urethra<\/li>\n<li>Main aetiologic categories:\n<ul>\n<li>Infectious\/Inflammatory<\/li>\n<li>Congenital<\/li>\n<li>Neoplastic<\/li>\n<li>Urolithiasis (calculi formation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many conditions can result in <strong>Obstruction,<\/strong> which is an important clinical complication of LUT diseases<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This in turn can lead to urine stasis and infection, which can not only involve the LUT but ascending into the kidneys, giving rise pyelonephritis (this is discussed under Tubulointerstitial diseases in the Kidney in the next section)<\/li>\n<li>Stasis can also contribute to the formation of urinary calculi<\/li>\n<li>The obstructed ureters may dilate, and cause dilatation of the \u00a0renal pelvicalyceal system (<strong>hydronephrosis<\/strong>), which causes thinning and atrophy of the renal parenchyma and eventually renal failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here are some causes of obstruction, some of which are mentioned in the mindmap below:<\/p>\n<p>(This diagram is taken from Robbins and Cotrans Pathologic Basis of Disease)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Obstruction-27ugvbu.jpg\" alt=\"Obstruction-27ugvbu\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"810\" width=\"971\" title=\"Obstruction-27ugvbu\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n<h3>\n\t\tMINDMAP: Overview of the UG system and Diseases of the LUT\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>If you can&#8217;t play the video, watch it here on YouTube: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/T06PVTHEuqg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/T06PVTHEuqg<\/a><\/p>\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/195946971\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t<p><strong>II. Male genital system<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Penis, Prostate, Testis (and epididymis)<\/li>\n<li>Main aetiologic categories (very similar to LUT):\n<ul>\n<li>Infection\/Inflammatory<\/li>\n<li>Congenital<\/li>\n<li>Neoplastic<\/li>\n<li>Other common conditions mentioned individually<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\n\t\tMINDMAP: Conditions affecting the Male Genital System\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>If you can&#8217;t play the video, watch it here on YouTube: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/St8LdW0iWY4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/St8LdW0iWY4<\/a><\/p>\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/195929854\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/i-urogenital-system-where-to-start\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI. Urogenital System: Where to Start?\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/ii-clinical-manifestations-and-investigations\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tII. Clinical Manifestations and Investigations\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/iii-lower-urinary-tract-and-male-genital-system\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIII. Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/iv-kidney-diseases\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIV. Kidney Diseases\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/v-ug-system-talking-pots\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV. UG System: Talking Pots\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/urogenital-system-quiz\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVI. Urogenital System: Quizzes\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/pathology-in-action-real-life-cases\/pathology-in-action-a-kidney-tumour\/\" target=\"_blank\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Real Life Case: A Kidney Tumour\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/urogenital-system-one-page-summary\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUrogenital System: Study Notes and One Page Summary\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUrogenital System Chapter Home\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPathology Demystified\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Now that we have separated the urogenital tract into its THREE main parts, let&#8217;s focus on the Lower urinary tract and Male genital system before tackling the Kidney in the next section. I. Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract (LUT) Ureters, bladder, urethra Main aetiologic categories: Infectious\/Inflammatory Congenital Neoplastic Urolithiasis (calculi formation) Many conditions can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5799,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5818","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NUS Pathweb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/urogenital-pathology\/iii-lower-urinary-tract-and-male-genital-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Now that we have separated the urogenital tract into its THREE main parts, let&#8217;s focus on the Lower urinary tract and Male genital system before tackling the Kidney in the next section. 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