{"id":5289,"date":"2017-05-03T13:42:37","date_gmt":"2017-05-03T05:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/?page_id=5289"},"modified":"2023-04-03T13:35:19","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T05:35:19","slug":"thyroid-iii-clinicopathologic-correlates","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-and-endocrine-pathology\/thyroid-iii-clinicopathologic-correlates\/","title":{"rendered":"III &#8211; Clinicopathologic Correlates"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<p>Like other endocrine organs (eg. pituitary gland, parathyroid gland). thyroid diseases generally manifest\u00a0clinically in TWO main ways.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Enlargement<\/strong> (non-neoplastic or neoplastic)<\/p>\n<ul> \t\n<li>Determined by history, clinical examination and imaging<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Abnormal function <\/strong>(hyper- or hypothyroidism)<\/p>\n<ul> \t\n<li>Assessed by blood investigations of various hormone levels (free T3 Free T4, TSH)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember, these two can co-exist (eg Graves disease &#8211; think about what the clinical presentation is).<\/p>\n<p>The aetiology of thyroid conditions is widely variable, but the few that are more common and important are as featured in your lecture notes:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol> \t\n<li><strong>Congenital<\/strong> conditions (eg. hypoplasia, ectopic thyroid)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Hyperplasia<\/strong> (simple or nodular hyperplasia due to decreased iodine availability)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Immune related<\/strong> (autoimmune, or other mechanisms of thyroiditis)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Neoplasms\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In clinicopathologic correlation, we would ask some questions. Eg.\u00a0What condition is more likely to cause diffuse enlargement? Which causes a solitary nodule?<\/p>\n<p>This mindmap helps summarise the various conditions as the pathology relates to the clinical presentation.<\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\tMINDMAP: Clinicopathologic correlates\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>If you can&#8217;t play the video, watch it here on YouTube:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ydSxUx6n7Jk\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/ydSxUx6n7Jk<\/a><\/p>\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/491005069\" width=\"640\" height=\"479\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t<p>This screenshot taken from the above mindmap summarises the common conditions causing various types of goitres.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Picture3.png\" alt=\"Picture3\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1062\" width=\"1044\" title=\"Picture3\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-i-anatomy\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI. Anatomy\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-ii-function\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tII. Function\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-iii-clinicopathologic-correlates\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIII. Clinicopathologic Correlates\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-talking-pots-and-slides\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIV. Thyroid Pathology: Talking Pots and Slides\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-quiz\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV. Thyroid Pathology: Quizzes\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/pathology-in-action-real-life-cases\/pathology-in-action-a-thyroid-tumour\/\" target=\"_blank\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Real Life Case: A Thyroid Tumour\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-study_notes-and-one-page-summary\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThyroid Pathology: Study Notes and One Page Summary\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThyroid Pathology Chapter Home\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPathology Demystified\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Like other endocrine organs (eg. pituitary gland, parathyroid gland). thyroid diseases generally manifest\u00a0clinically in TWO main ways. 1. Enlargement (non-neoplastic or neoplastic) Determined by history, clinical examination and imaging 2. Abnormal function (hyper- or hypothyroidism) Assessed by blood investigations of various hormone levels (free T3 Free T4, TSH) Remember, these two can co-exist (eg Graves [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5264,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5289","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NUS Pathweb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-and-endocrine-pathology\/thyroid-iii-clinicopathologic-correlates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like other endocrine organs (eg. pituitary gland, parathyroid gland). thyroid diseases generally manifest\u00a0clinically in TWO main ways. 1. 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