{"id":5283,"date":"2017-05-03T13:04:16","date_gmt":"2017-05-03T05:04:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/?page_id=5283"},"modified":"2023-04-03T13:34:56","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T05:34:56","slug":"thyroid-ii-function","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-and-endocrine-pathology\/thyroid-ii-function\/","title":{"rendered":"II &#8211; Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">Thyroid Gland Function (Click to expand)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main functions of the thyroid gland are brought about by the TWO main parenchymal cell types:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Follicular cells<\/strong>\u00a0-&gt; \u00a0Thyroid hormones T3 (tri-iodothyronine) and T4 (tetra-iodothyronine\/thyroxine)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regulate basal metabolic rate (think about the clinical signs and symptoms of\u00a0<em>hyper \/ hypo thyroidism <\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Growth and development, especially of the central nervous system (<em>read about Cretinism &#8211; hypothyroidism in infancy or childhood)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>The free (unbound) hormones are the metabolically active forms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Parafollicular C cells<\/strong>\u00a0 -&gt; \u00a0Calcitonin<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Calcium metabolism &#8211; maintains calcium homeostasis (generally, calcitonin opposes the effects of Parathormone)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">What regulates T3 and T4 production? (Click to expand)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>What controls the amounts of T3 and T4 produced? As an endocrine organ, the thyroid gland is subject to the secondary (pituitary &#8211; TSH) and tertiary (hypothalamus &#8211; TRH) control mechanisms that all endocrine organs are subject to. This is the\u00a0<strong>Hypothalamo-pituitary axis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Hypo-pit-axis-27i93d4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1115\" height=\"1004\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\tMINDMAP: Thyroid Anatomy and Function\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>If you can&#8217;t play the video, watch it here on YouTube: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kKGr3opr_rY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/kKGr3opr_rY<\/a><\/p>\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/194613531\" width=\"640\" height=\"481\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-i-anatomy\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI. Anatomy\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-ii-function\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tII. Function\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-iii-clinicopathologic-correlates\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIII. Clinicopathologic Correlates\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-talking-pots-and-slides\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIV. Thyroid Pathology: Talking Pots and Slides\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-quiz\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV. Thyroid Pathology: Quizzes\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/pathology-in-action-real-life-cases\/pathology-in-action-a-thyroid-tumour\/\" target=\"_blank\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Real Life Case: A Thyroid Tumour\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/thyroid-study_notes-and-one-page-summary\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThyroid Pathology: Study Notes and One Page Summary\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-pathology\/\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThyroid Pathology Chapter Home\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPathology Demystified\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thyroid Gland Function (Click to expand) Expand The main functions of the thyroid gland are brought about by the TWO main parenchymal cell types: 1. Follicular cells\u00a0-&gt; \u00a0Thyroid hormones T3 (tri-iodothyronine) and T4 (tetra-iodothyronine\/thyroxine) Regulate basal metabolic rate (think about the clinical signs and symptoms of\u00a0hyper \/ hypo thyroidism ) Growth and development, especially of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5264,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5283","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NUS Pathweb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/pathweb\/pathology-demystified\/thyroid-and-endocrine-pathology\/thyroid-ii-function\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thyroid Gland Function (Click to expand) Expand The main functions of the thyroid gland are brought about by the TWO main parenchymal cell types: 1. 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