GIT – II. Clinicopathologic Correlates – NUS Pathweb :: NUS Pathweb

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (Click to expand)

Clinical manifestations of GI disease are closely related to its STRUCTURE and FUNCTION.
Structure
Hollow organ - diseases cause ulceration, perforation, obstructions, bleeding
Long tubular segments with attached adipose tissue -> possibility of mechanical twisting or telescoping
Function
Responsible for absorption of ingested nutrients and excretion of waste - hence nutritional deficiencies can occur

CARDINAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (Click to expand)

Cardinal symptoms and signs:

- Anorexia (lack of appetite)
- Abdominal or chest pain - due to inflammation, obstruction (colic)
  - Altered ingestion of food - nausea, vomiting, dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), or
- Altered bowel movements - diarrhoea or constipation
- Bleeding - Acute or chronic:
  - Acute GI bleed can result in severe blood loss and hypotensive shock
  - Some characteristics of the bleeding / blood provide clues as to source
  - (upper vs lower GIT)
- Chronic bleed results more in anaemia - eg. fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath

Complications:

- Acute
  - Dehydration - if the GIT is not able to absorb water properly (this is a systemic condition arising from a GIT condition)
  - Sepsis
  - Hypotensive shock from GI bleeding
- Chronic
  - Malabsorption (malnutrition, deficiency states)
  - Obstruction

MINDMAP: Big picture - Clinicopathologic correlates

If you can't play the video, watch it here on YouTube: https://youtu.be/kwayLbxFYDs

II. Clinicopathologic Correlates

III. Classification of Diseases

IV. GIT Tumours: Crash Course

V. GIT: Talking Pots and Slides

VI. GIT: Quizzes

A Real Life Case: A Colon Tumour

GIT: Study Notes and One Page Summary

Gastrointestinal Tract Chapter Home

Pathology Demystified

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