{"id":4016,"date":"2025-03-04T16:30:28","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T08:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cosm\/?page_id=4016"},"modified":"2025-05-19T15:52:29","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T07:52:29","slug":"faculty-publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cosm\/faculty-publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" loading='false' src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cosm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/03\/Girl_Hill-3.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Publications<\/h2>\t\t\t\n\t<p>The Centre for Sustainable Medicine advances research at the intersection of healthcare and climate, equipping clinicians with the best-available evidence and preparing future healthcare leaders to drive clinical and policy decisions toward sustainable, net-zero healthcare.<\/p>\n<h1>\n\t\tFeatured\n\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/smj\/fulltext\/2024\/04000\/climate_change_and_its_impact_on_infectious.3.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Gradually, then suddenly: Singapore's journey towards sustainable medicine\"><\/a>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Gradually, then suddenly: Singapore&#8217;s journey towards sustainable medicine<\/h2><p>Singapore is highly vulnerable to climate change, with temperatures projected to rise by up to 5\u00b0C by 2100 and a potential 36% increase in dengue transmission. These health threats highlight the urgent need for climate action. As healthcare is a significant global emitter, Singapore&#8217;s health sector must step up to reduce its carbon footprint. Good news: Interventions that respond to climate change often yield direct and substantial benefits to human health and the health profession is beginning to take notice<\/p>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanplh\/article\/PIIS2542-5196(24)00206-7\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Purpose and limitations of carbon footprinting for healthcare\"><\/a>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Purpose and limitations of carbon footprinting for healthcare<\/h2><p>The push for environmentally sustainable healthcare is growing, with 77 countries to date pledging to develop low-carbon systems and 39 committing to net-zero emissions. Research into healthcare&#8217;s carbon footprint is rapidly expanding, alongside increased industry reporting-spurred in part by NHS England&#8217;s upcoming carbon reporting mandate. As more healthcare professionals and policymakers use this data, the publication offers strategies for effective application while cautioning against potential misinterpretation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/383\/bmj.p2461.short\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" Sustainable practice: what can I do?\"><\/a>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2> Sustainable practice: what can I do?<\/h2><p>This editorial series offers a range of ideas with practical tips for making healthcare systems more sustainable. Each article highlights one action or project that frontline clinicians can implement, supported by a rapidly growing evidence base, to reduce the carbon footprint of their practice.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t\tList of Research Publications\n\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<div class=\"publication-filter\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"search-by-title-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"search-by-label\">Search Publication Title:<\/span>\r\n\t\t    <div class=\"pub-search\">\r\n\t\t    \t<div class=\"search-by-title\">\r\n\t\t            <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"pub_name\" name=\"pub_name\" placeholder=\"Keyword\">\r\n\t\t            <button role=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-search-pub\" id=\"btn-search-pub\">Search<\/button>\r\n\t\t        <\/div>\r\n\t\t    <\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"sort-by-wrapper\">\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-by-label\">Sort By:<\/span>\r\n\t\t    <div class=\"pub-sorting\">\r\n\t\t    \t<select id=\"pub-sorting-by\" class=\"pub-sorting-dropdown\">\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value='pub_date_desc'>Date: Newest<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value='pub_date_asc'>Date: Oldest<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value='title_asc'>Title: Sort A-Z<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value='title_desc'>Title: Sort Z-A<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value='pub_authors_asc'>Author: Sort A-Z<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value='pub_authors_desc'>Author: Sort Z-A<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value=\"pub_journal_asc\">Journal: Sort A-Z<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t\t<option value=\"pub_journal_desc\">Journal: Sort Z-A<\/option>\r\n\t\t    \t<\/select>\r\n\t\t    \t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pub-sorting\" value=\"DESC\" id=\"pub-sorting\">\r\n\t\t    <\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\t\r\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"loadingDiv\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"loader\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"publications_main_container\" id=\"publications_main_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/392\/bmj.r2645\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Sustainable healthcare: how Asia Pacific is leading the way<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>7 Jan 2026<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Thomas Andrew, Ronald Law, Isimeli Tuiteci, Lydia Loh, Nick Watts<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">BMJ Journals<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1385894725117786?dgcid=coauthor\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Cellulose-based bioplastic replacement of single use plastic bags in the collection and treatment of food waste via anaerobic digestion for a zero-waste circular economy<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>17 Nov 2025<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Jonathan T.E. Lee, Muhammad Usman Khan, Jingxin Zhang, Kendra H.Y. Ho, S.J. Chew, Alvin W.L. Ee, Jie Bu, Yong Wei Tiong, Xiangzhou Yuan, Yong Sik Ok, Birgitte K. Ahring, Yen Wah Tong<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">Chemical Engineering Journal<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(25)02280-9\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>The Lancet MedZero: carbon analytics for health care, by health care, at scale<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>13 Nov 2025<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Nick Watts, Thomas Andrew, Jessamy Bagenal, Matthew J Eckelman, Jacob Fry, Agnes Henson, Richard Horton, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Slava Jankin, Sarin KC, Jonathan T E Lee, Scott McAlister, Forbes McGain, Keisuke Nansai, Catherine O'Shea, Lydia Tang, Michelle Tan Bee Hua, Chantelle Rizan<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">The Lancet<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-025-01098-9\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Mitigating the environmental effects of healthcare: the role of the endocrinologist<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>13 Mar 2025<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Chantelle Rizan, Jeanette M. Rotchell, Pei Chia Eng, Bernard Robaire, Corina Ciocan, Nitin Kapoor, Sanjay Kalra, Jodi D. Sherman <\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">Nature Reviews Endocrinology<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bjanaesthesia.org\/article\/S0007-0912(24)00768-2\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Utilising electronic anaesthesia records to audit nitrous oxide consumption and waste, and implementation of a loss monitoring system<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>1 Mar 2025<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Michelle Tan Bee Hua Tan, William Gagnon, Tham Huae Min Tham, Ong Li Wen, Bernard Koh Tiang Guan, Sridharan Srinath, Koh Xuan Han, Jo-Anne Yeo<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">British Journal of Anaesthesia<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.16896\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>APAGE Position Statements on Green and Sustainability in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>31 Jan 2025<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Tiing Leong Ang, Dao Viet Hang, James Weiquan Li, Jacky Chiu Leung Ho, Marianne Linley Sy-Janairo, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Govind K. Makharia, Sridhar Sundaram, Tanyaporn Chantarojanasiri, Hyun-Gun Kim, Hiroyuki Isayama, Nonthalee Pausawasdi, Kaichun Wu, Ari Fahrial Syam, Than Than Aye, Sher Rehman, Madunil Anuk Niriella, Ricardo Jurawan, Liangjing Wang, Wai Keung Leung, Jyh-Ming Liou, Chantelle Rizan, Justin Che Yuen Wu, Choon Jin Ooi<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/15\/1\/e088846\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Clinical effectiveness and implementation outcomes of pMDI-to-DPI switch in children between 5 and 12 years of age: a scoping review protocol<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>29 Jan 2025<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Amanda Zain, Alston Z Y Ng, Inez Yeo, Nick Watts, Nick Sevdalis<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">BMJ Journals<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/annalsofsurgery\/abstract\/2024\/12000\/improving_environmental_sustainability_of.11.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Improving Environmental Sustainability of Operating Theatres<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>8 Dec 2024<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Siya Lodhia Victoria Pegna, Ruth Abrams, Daniel Jackson, Timothy A. Rockall, Chantelle Rizan<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">Annals of Surgery<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bjanaesthesia.org\/article\/S0007-0912(24)00403-3\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Improving sustainability and mitigating the environmental impact of anaesthesia and surgery along the perioperative journey: a narrative review<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>1 Dec 2024<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Andrea J. MacNeill, Chantelle Rizan, Jodi D. Sherman<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">British Journal of Anaesthesia<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_parent_container\" id=\"publications_parent_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_title_container\">\r\n                        <div class=\"publications-title-wrapper\">\r\n                        \t<i class=\"dashicons dashicons-book\"><\/i>\r\n                        \t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mja.com.au\/system\/files\/issues\/221_09\/mja252481.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n                        \t\t<h4>Environmental footprinting in health care: a primer<\/h4>\r\n                        \t<\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    \t<div class=\"pub-date\"><strong>4 Nov 2024<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"publications_content_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><strong>Authors: Jacob Fry, Angie Bone, Keiichiro Kanemoto, Carolynn L Smith, Nick Watts<\/strong><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"pub-journal\">Medical Journal of Australia<\/div>\r\n                        <div  class=\"pub-excerpt\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pub-pagination\">\r\n\t\t\t   <ul class=\"pub-pagination-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t   \t\t\t<span id=\"btn-prev\" class=\"load-prev-button pagination-btn-disabled\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t<li class=\"swiper-pagination-bullet swiper-pagination-bullet-active-main  pagination-item current-paged\" >1<\/li>\r\n\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t<li class=\"swiper-pagination-bullet swiper-pagination-bullet-active-main  pagination-item\" onclick=\"paginationPub(this)\">2<\/li>\r\n\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t<li class=\"swiper-pagination-bullet swiper-pagination-bullet-active-main  pagination-item\" onclick=\"paginationPub(this)\">3<\/li>\r\n\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t<span id=\"btn-next\" class=\"load-next-button\" onclick=\"nextPaginationPub()\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t   <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"paged\" id=\"pub-paged\" value=\"1\">\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Publications The Centre for Sustainable Medicine advances research at the intersection of healthcare and climate, equipping clinicians with the best-available evidence and preparing future healthcare leaders to drive clinical and policy decisions toward sustainable, net-zero healthcare. Featured Gradually, then suddenly: Singapore&#8217;s journey towards sustainable medicine Singapore is highly vulnerable to climate change, with temperatures projected [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9408,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4016","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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