{"id":15033,"date":"2024-02-17T11:30:46","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T03:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/?page_id=15033"},"modified":"2024-07-08T18:32:44","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T10:32:44","slug":"the-ethics-of-human-challenge-studies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/the-ethics-of-human-challenge-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ethics of Human Challenge Studies"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15033\" class=\"elementor elementor-15033\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e09ee03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e09ee03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7435bd\" data-id=\"c7435bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f299d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f299d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Challenge studies are research studies where human volunteers are intentionally exposed to infectious diseases such as influenza, malaria or dengue.\u00a0 Such studies have received more attention in recent years with their application to COVID-19 during and after the pandemic. This workshop aims to explore the ethical aspects of challenge studies generally as well as through a Singaporean and COVID-19 lens.<\/p>\n<p>Distinguished speakers ranging from clinicians, bioethicists and participant representatives will share their varied insights on challenge studies. The first half of the workshop will feature the history and ethical aspects of challenge studies and the second half will zoom in on how challenge studies (particularly for COVID-19) may be conducted in Singapore and the relevant ethical considerations. Both sessions will include an interactive and engaging Q&amp;A segment where participants may pose questions to the speakers. \u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f17775 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f17775\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78d6aac\" data-id=\"78d6aac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d829f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d829f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Who should attend<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b53c1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b53c1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Clinician-scientists, IRB members\/secretariat, those involved in governance\/oversight of research, academics, policymakers<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba753d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ba753d4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9622e8c\" data-id=\"9622e8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3d42dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3d42dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Programme<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f47947 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6f47947\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-382f47b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"382f47b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f4e654\" data-id=\"1f4e654\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7a18e uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"db7a18e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-db7a18e\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-04a9028 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Time<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-2c64996 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Topic<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-27ced21 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Speaker<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4857074\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">9.00 AM - 9.05AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-eeb4e8d\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Welcome and introduction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-c1f39ac\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">To be Confirmed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-679c353\" colspan=\"3\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Part 1 : Challenge trials generally<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-a1bc6c7\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">9.05 AM - 9.20 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-14e8ffd\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Overview of history, aims and methodology of challenge trials<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-e205c2a\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Shobana Balasingham \n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"4\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-60c84a1\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">9.20 AM - 9.35 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-ea62963\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Challenge Trials<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-85e6c2c\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Professor Jerry Menikoff<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"5\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3199862\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">9.35 AM - 9.50 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-fe16a7a\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Further ethical challenges &amp; approaches to overcome those challenges (Risk thresholds)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-91162b5\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Professor Peter Singer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"6\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3e032ac\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">9.50 AM - 10.05AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-81ad76d\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Participant Perspective<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-fcb6ca1\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Jake Eberts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"7\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-66c3669\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">10.05 AM - 10.45 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-cc2c3fa\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Panel Q&amp;A<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-69ef151\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"8\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-d0a4e62\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">10.45 AM to 11.15 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-b549ecc\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Tea Break<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-008c2a8\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"9\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-dfcd633\" colspan=\"3\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Part 2 : COVID-19 Challenge Trials<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"10\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-7f17dbe\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">11.15 AM - 11.30 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3d09ec6\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Barriers &amp; challenges specific to Covid-19 context<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-6050a90\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Dr Bridget Williams<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"11\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-fce3b66\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">11:30 AM -11:55 AM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-cf0dc1c\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">COVID-19 challenge trials: context and ongoing projects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-563f469\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Assoc. Prof Barnaby Young<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"12\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-ad55d5c\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">11.55 AM - 12.10 PM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-48db1a2\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Public perspectives on challenge studies in Singapore<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-5e510cd\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Sam Xin Hui<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"13\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-132959d\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">12.10 PM - 12.50 PM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-854ddf2\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Panel Q &amp; A<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-dfc2184\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"14\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-ad7d3f7\" data-title=\"Time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">12.50 PM - 1.00 PM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-91d4796\" data-title=\"Topic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Closing remarks &amp; feedback form<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-fcbc0ed\" data-title=\"Speaker\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27a5908 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27a5908\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e89e33\" data-id=\"6e89e33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aefa35c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"aefa35c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fcfa3da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fcfa3da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-84ae4bd\" data-id=\"84ae4bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3821028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3821028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our Speakers<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b60573 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b60573\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0a2624\" data-id=\"e0a2624\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29775fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"29775fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1edd786 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1edd786\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ec4b43\" data-id=\"1ec4b43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176e0b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"176e0b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Jerry-Minakoff.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-15050\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Jerry-Minakoff.png 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Jerry-Minakoff-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95cc61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c95cc61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Professor Jerry Menikoff<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2efde0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2efde0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jerry Menikoff is Professor of Bioethics within the Centre for Biomedical Ethics and is also Senior Fellow of the Faculty of Law, NUS. He was trained as an attorney and physician. He has been involved with the ethics and regulation of research with human beings. After overseeing the program for protecting intramural research participants at the United States\u2019 National Institutes of Health, he subsequently became the director of the Office for Human Research Protections. \u00a0During his 14 years in that role, he was a leader in the successful efforts to revise the U.S. regulations for protecting research participants. Many of the specific changes \u2013 including making consent forms public, eliminating duplicative reviews for multi-institutional research, and strengthening informed consent so that it better fulfilled its ethical underpinnings \u2013 were positions that he had long championed. \u00a0Among his publications are the books Law and Bioethics: An Introduction (Georgetown University Press) and What the Doctor Didn\u2019t Say: The Hidden Truth about Medical Research (Oxford University Press).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19866f2\" data-id=\"19866f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-923f06d\" data-id=\"923f06d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b377e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64b377e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Peter-Singer.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-15046\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Peter-Singer.png 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Peter-Singer-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e2643d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e2643d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Professor Peter Singer<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea41492 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea41492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Peter Singer has been bestowed the tag of \u201cworld\u2019s most influential living philosopher\u201d by journalists. He was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1946, and educated at the University of Melbourne and the University of Oxford. After teaching in England, the United States and Australia, he has, since 1999, been Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics in the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University. He first became well-known internationally after the publication of Animal Liberation in 1975. Some of his other well-known books are: Practical Ethics, The Expanding Circle, How Are We to Live?, Rethinking Life and Death, Pushing Time Away, The Life You Can Save, The Point of View of the Universe (co-authored with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek), Ethics in the Real World, and Why Vegan?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52b942b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52b942b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b1eb7f\" data-id=\"9b1eb7f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e029c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1e029c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f764825 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f764825\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eeddf7b\" data-id=\"eeddf7b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd379c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fd379c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9529bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9529bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bad1546\" data-id=\"bad1546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3a535c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f3a535c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Jake-Eberts.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-15047\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Jake-Eberts.png 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Jake-Eberts-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6996724 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6996724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jake Eberts<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d999608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d999608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jake Eberts is the communications director at 1Day Sooner, a public health nonprofit that advocates for healthy human research subjects, particularly in human challenge trials, and the values of this group of people. He has participated in human challenge trials for Shigella and the Zika virus. Jake lives in Washington, D.C.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5ddeff\" data-id=\"b5ddeff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b463688\" data-id=\"b463688\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d983f24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d983f24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Bridget-Williams.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-15048\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Bridget-Williams.jpg 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Bridget-Williams-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0bd0d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0bd0d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Bridget Williams<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c65690 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c65690\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Bridget Williams is a public health physician, who completed her medical degree at Monash University, Australia, with Honours research in medical ethics conducted at the Uehiro Centre. She also holds a Master of Public Health from the University of Sydney and completed the MSt in Practical Ethics prior to commencing the DPhil at the University of Oxford. Her primary research interests are in health priorities, public health ethics and research ethics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a803f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a803f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7ddd82\" data-id=\"f7ddd82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8612d63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8612d63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8476f02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8476f02\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a25e80\" data-id=\"8a25e80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b7e38e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7b7e38e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9391ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c9391ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Barnaby-Young-1.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-15164\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Barnaby-Young-1.png 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/02\/Barnaby-Young-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-824bad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"824bad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Assoc. Prof Barnaby Young<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-453a541 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"453a541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Associate Professor Barnaby Young graduated in Medicine with a B.A. in Genetics from the University of Cambridge. He has a Masters in Infectious Diseases from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and a doctorate for his work on Influenza Vaccination in the Tropics from the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. A\/Prof Young is Head of the Singapore Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Network (SCRN), is lead for the Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and REsponse (PREPARE) database core, and works as a Senior Consultant at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tan Tock Seng Hospital. In addition to conducting clinical trials of treatment and vaccines, his current research involves the study of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and immune response to respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV. He is the principal investigator of the Sing-CoV study, Singapore\u2019s first controlled human infection study.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3aa40e0\" data-id=\"3aa40e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36248fb\" data-id=\"36248fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e44fc20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e44fc20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/03\/shobana.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-16934\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/03\/shobana.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/03\/shobana-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29a427c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29a427c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shobana Balasingham <\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57f441 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c57f441\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shobana Balasingam is the Research Lead for the Human Infection Study Programme at Wellcome and has been leading the programme since 2018 which has funded these studies to be established for a range of diseases such as Shigella, pneumococcus and vivax malaria across Asia, Africa and in Brazil as well as COVID challenge studies in the UK. Additionally, Wellcome have funded WHO to produce guidance for human infection studies being conducted in both high income and low-middle income settings as well as producing guidance for establishing COVID challenge studies. Wellcome has supported the development of regulatory guidance for human infection studies and with HIC-Vac funded hVIVO to publish a considerations document for producing challenge agents outside of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>Shobana has over 20 years of experience with human infection studies primarily with influenza, human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) gained whilst working at hVIVO Ltd (previously known as Retroscreen Virology Ltd). Before joining Wellcome, Shobana was based in Singapore at the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine where the focus was to establish an influenza human infection study.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7b235e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7b235e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be42fc1\" data-id=\"be42fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ae7d1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1ae7d1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-06831cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"06831cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-122affc\" data-id=\"122affc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f6375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"88f6375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f7d1bd\" data-id=\"4f7d1bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70d7f49 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"70d7f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/03\/200-x-200-px-1.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-15342\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/03\/200-x-200-px-1.png 200w, https:\/\/medicine.nus.edu.sg\/cbme\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/03\/200-x-200-px-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6c6d95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a6c6d95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sam Xin Hui<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b276dac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b276dac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Sam Xin Hui is a former Research Fellow at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases. She holds a BSc in Biotechnology and a Master of Science in Molecular Biotechnology. She has years of working experience in research laboratory and different healthcare settings in Singapore for various biomedical studies and clinical trials. Her current role at the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, focuses on engagement with general practitioners and family physicians for research in primary care.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b2826c\" data-id=\"5b2826c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-942952e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"942952e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc7b9ed\" data-id=\"cc7b9ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35a474d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"35a474d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ba5904 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ba5904\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-269e0f6\" data-id=\"269e0f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9e2310 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c9e2310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d882ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d882ca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f0fddd\" data-id=\"6f0fddd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dce5f91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dce5f91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Videos from the seminar<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a77255 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a77255\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9f735a\" data-id=\"d9f735a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee26e58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ee26e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=aoUvHakMzTc&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3f1518\" data-id=\"f3f1518\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffa222d elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ffa222d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=bWQYAFc3OmQ&amp;t=715s&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c9d342 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c9d342\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-081dc52\" data-id=\"081dc52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28344d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28344d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For any query, please email to: Fion Lai (fion.lai@nus.edu.sg) and Marissa Iskandar (<a href=\"mailto:medmi@nus.edu.sg\">medmi@nus.edu.sg<\/a>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Challenge studies are research studies where human volunteers are intentionally exposed to infectious diseases such as influenza, malaria or dengue.\u00a0&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8998,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15033","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Ethics of Human Challenge Studies - 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